Explain how franchisors can enhance franchisee satisfaction Essay

Explain how franchisors can enhance franchisee satisfaction - Essay Example However, firms rely heavily on expansion by a mix of franchising, and company-owned outlets instead of expanding company owned outlets. Explanations are offered by most of the literature in the agency theory. Due to the significance of self-interest for both franchisees and franchisors, franchising is the only best mechanism that motivates both parties for the similar objectives (Huang, 2004). However, there might be unfairness in the franchise contract, and this means agency problems would arise. Therefore, franchisors need to manage and monitor franchisees and ensure the franchisee is satisfied. Thus, the franchisee satisfaction has the greatest predictor on whether a franchisee would recommend their franchisor to the prospective franchisee (Hnuchek, Ismail &Haron, 2013). The paper explains how franchisors can enhance franchisee satisfaction. Franchisees always have expectations of franchisors in the franchise relationship: a high level of independence, support with selection of a distribution point and designing of the distribution point, high standards of potential revenue, training sessions, product and market information, advertising, operational support, and promotional support, support in order to obtain finance, as well as systems for bookkeeping. Therefore, a franchisor needs to ensure that franchisees have a high independence level after joining a franchise as a high level of control by the franchisor exists in franchise systems. In relation to the selection of distribution points, the franchisor needs carry out feasibility studies as well as research in order to ascertain suitable points (Gerhard & De Jager, 2009). In addition, Franchisees expect that geographical rights, exclusively, as protected by the franchise agreement and allocated by franchisors would not allow the franchisor to appoint another franchisee to a certain geographical area that is already

Initial Public Offering Essay Example for Free

Initial Public Offering Essay Introduction To get a small business to be successful increase must occur. Increase in a company sometimes happens either by funding through debt or equity. IPOs can be quite useful in the strong growth of a company and are extremely complicated involving many crucial role players. We shall additionally insure the dangers involved with creating an IPO and how safety regulations offer with. Additionally an problem which will increased variable to the IPO of a worldwide business is going to function as the problem of foreign currency exchange rates. These rates may also be mentioned and how they could be coped with. Role of Investment Banker and Underwriter The part of the investment banker and underwriter demands the 2 to work and perform as a team for the business theyre representing and also the traders theyre encouraging to put money into the first stock offering of a brand new public company. An Investment Banker is a tactical adviser to the managing of a business on a wide range of fiscal issues. As a way to offer the proper guidance to some business it really is critical the investment banker has a comprehensive knowledge of the tactical initiatives and directives of the corporation. The investment banker functions closely with sales along with the underwriters in this regard. Moreover, the investment banker is endeavor with making certain all legal, bookkeeping and regulatory files are ready and filed so. The Underwriter accounts for the sales of stock a company gives in its initial public offering (IPO). As suggested, the underwriter works closely with all the investment banker along with the business in creating the cost  of the primary stock offered. The crucial is the evaluation of the inventory to be certain it is just not exceptionally over or under priced to be able to market successful to any or all kinds of investors. For their providers, the underwriters are compensated a charge for marketing the inventory and so are incented to be sure there are purchasers for the accessible shares. Those shares more than these sold are bought by the investment company. Originating house and syndicate In the IPO to get a international business, the business that handles the underwriting is known as the originating residence (Mayo, 2012). These businesses have bought the securities from an organization that is attempting to improve capital and after that searches to offer the lists to the public. The entire process of selling these securities isnt always managed by one business. Together, the brokerage companies underwrite the firms offerings and offer them to the public. The edges of numerous businesses joining together to fingers the sale of a organizations offering is more accessibility to possible buyers also in addition it reduces the quantity of securities each business must sell. The dispersing of the selling procedure reduces the chance for every business involved with the method. Pricing the offering When establishing costs for securities, there are various variables which affect the purchase price. Prior to listing a certain cost, underwriters should conduct numerous study of info through the enterprise to learn exactly what the greatest for the business. There are frequently times when costs may be at an wrong sum which may possess an adverse effect on exactly what the business was wanting to be successful. When a cost is a lot higher, it may create a business possess a monetary weight. In circumstances like this, there are a few alternatives in marketing the securities. The expense bankers got two alternatives: (1) to keep the offer price and also to hold the securities in stock till theyre sold, or (2) to allow the marketplace find a lesser price level which will get investors to buy the securities. In addition, in the event the securities can be purchased to get a lesser cost compared to the business could overlook the chance to reach any profits. Risks in the public offering As a way to create a public offering in order to get a business in order to get the required resources to be able to enlarge numerous important variables come into play with securities regulations and the way you need to work within these regulations. In the event you should happen to make an unregistered offering because there is nothing demonstrating them to what they were getting in to plus they may be purchasing soil in the air current, now filing with all the Securities and Exchange Commission makes folks whose cash you seek sense a little more relaxed and theyre more at prepared to spend money on the community providing. Wed also need to determine just how much capital we were searching to lift as we need to enroll that as well revealing the would be investor simply how much cash we were seeking in the 12-month interval, the guidelines we adopted would restrict the sum were able to receive and indicate to traders what we were searching for. In the event the principles werent in location together with the SEC firms would venture out and oversell alternatives in their own public offerings and folks could be stuck with only luck of the draw on what was going on using their investing. The rules are made to indicate to potential investors precisely what the firm is attempting to do and be able to provide the investor the very best opportunity at producing a profit. Foreign exchange risks The money rate for global funds transforms daily. In case the rate of exchange should happen to choose a steep fall throughout the IPO procedure, subsequently the level of funds the business is expecting to increase might not be satisfied. This situation may likewise alter the promotion efforts of the broker to the market securities to the public. In case the exchange-rate becomes too large to buy the securities, traders might be taken back from the added cost linked to the rates of exchange for the correct money. Conversely, rates of exchange which are radically lower may entice investors to the IPO due to the sensed deal linked to the purchase of the organizations securities. To battle this kind of predicament in explosive exchange rates, setting an IPO in nation with like money rates as the corporations home land or running the raising of money in states using a  steady history of rates of exchange. Conclusion There are lots of advantages of forming an IPO or going community. Forming an IPO can assist a small business raise big levels of money and open more chances for increase in the company. To ensure an IPO works along with the first sales of the company’s shares is large, the crucial players for example the underwriters as well as the originating house should be included of experienced investors. Understanding as much as you can regarding the foreign currency exchange rates in the nations where the first shares will probably be sold to the general public is crucial to get a small business. Satisfactorily supervising and managing all those regions may help mitigate a big part of danger related to an IPO which will in turn, ensure the IPO is profitable creating high discuss costs and sales. Reference Mayo, H. B. (2012). Basic Finance. An Introduction to Financial Institutions, Investments, and Management (10th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. http://econintersect.com/b2evolution/blog1.php/2014/09/29/educating-investors-about-investing-in-unregistered-securities-offerings-under-regulation-d-of-the-securities-act

Raymond Carvers Cathedral Essay -- Raymond Carver Cathedral Literatur

Raymond Carver's Cathedral Raymond Carver utilizes his character of the husband, who is also the narrator, in his short story "Cathedral." From the beginning of the story the narrator has a negative personality. He lacks compassion, has a narrow mind, is detached emotionally from others, and is jealous of his wife's friendship with a blind man named Robert. He never connects with anyone emotionally until the end of this story. At the beginning of the story the husband is telling of a blind man coming to visit him and his wife. The narrator?s wife had worked for the blind man at one point. Since then they have maintained a strong friendship and keep in touch with tapes. The narrator talks about not looking forward to the blind man?s visit. The narrator, his wife, and the blind man spend the evening talking, but eventually the wife falls asleep. The narrator is uncomfortable about being left alone with a blind man. There is something about cathedrals on TV and the blind man asks the narrator to describe what a cathedral looks like. The narrator only describes physical things and so the blind man decides that they should try drawing one instead. As they draw the blind man and the narrator connect and a transformation in the narrator?s character takes place. Throughout the majority of the story Carver uses a variety of devices to portray the narrator negatively. One reason is that he lacks compassion. At the beginning of the story he says, "I wasn?t enthusiastic about his [the blind man?s] visit. He [the blind man] was no one I knew. And his [the blind man] being blind bothered me." The narrator also feels intimidated by his wife?s relationship with the blind man. When he is telling of her friendship with Robert h... ...r so long, after he stepped out of it he got uncomfortable and reverted back. Robert tells the narrator to find some heavy paper and pencils so they can draw a cathedral together. As they drew Robert tells the narrator to close his eyes. There was a connection made between Robert and the narrator and he says, "it was like nothing else in my life up to now." Robert tells him to open his eyes, but he doesn?t because he doesn?t want the experience to end. A transformation took place during the story and it is evident through the narrator?s character. In the beginning he was lacking in compassion, he was narrow minded, he was detached, he was jealous, and he was bitter. Carver used carefully chosen words to illustrate the narrator?s character and the change. Throughout the story his character undergoes a transformation into a more emotionally aware human being. Raymond Carver's Cathedral Essay -- Raymond Carver Cathedral Literatur Raymond Carver's Cathedral Raymond Carver utilizes his character of the husband, who is also the narrator, in his short story "Cathedral." From the beginning of the story the narrator has a negative personality. He lacks compassion, has a narrow mind, is detached emotionally from others, and is jealous of his wife's friendship with a blind man named Robert. He never connects with anyone emotionally until the end of this story. At the beginning of the story the husband is telling of a blind man coming to visit him and his wife. The narrator?s wife had worked for the blind man at one point. Since then they have maintained a strong friendship and keep in touch with tapes. The narrator talks about not looking forward to the blind man?s visit. The narrator, his wife, and the blind man spend the evening talking, but eventually the wife falls asleep. The narrator is uncomfortable about being left alone with a blind man. There is something about cathedrals on TV and the blind man asks the narrator to describe what a cathedral looks like. The narrator only describes physical things and so the blind man decides that they should try drawing one instead. As they draw the blind man and the narrator connect and a transformation in the narrator?s character takes place. Throughout the majority of the story Carver uses a variety of devices to portray the narrator negatively. One reason is that he lacks compassion. At the beginning of the story he says, "I wasn?t enthusiastic about his [the blind man?s] visit. He [the blind man] was no one I knew. And his [the blind man] being blind bothered me." The narrator also feels intimidated by his wife?s relationship with the blind man. When he is telling of her friendship with Robert h... ...r so long, after he stepped out of it he got uncomfortable and reverted back. Robert tells the narrator to find some heavy paper and pencils so they can draw a cathedral together. As they drew Robert tells the narrator to close his eyes. There was a connection made between Robert and the narrator and he says, "it was like nothing else in my life up to now." Robert tells him to open his eyes, but he doesn?t because he doesn?t want the experience to end. A transformation took place during the story and it is evident through the narrator?s character. In the beginning he was lacking in compassion, he was narrow minded, he was detached, he was jealous, and he was bitter. Carver used carefully chosen words to illustrate the narrator?s character and the change. Throughout the story his character undergoes a transformation into a more emotionally aware human being.

Conflict Is A Destructive Force In Our Lives Essay

In our lives conflict plays a huge force in our everyday activities, social events, interaction with our friends and family. But what is the real explanation of conflict? A struggle or destructive force. This description of conflict only touches the surface of what conflict really means. People encounter conflicts almost on a daily basis, whether it is self-brought upon conflict, conflict with what religion, age, gender you are. Who your family and friends are and how they contribute to your life and how their decisions impact you and the others around you. Conflict is an unavoidable thing that we will all face and have already faced conflict in one form or another throughout our lives. How we deal with conflict determines whether it destroys us or not. Conflict, as a force can either crush or build people’s strength people depending on how they deal with it and the repercussions they have to go through post-conflict. It is known to bring trauma and devastation but has also ha s the ability to bring people together and settle the differences between one another. Conflict in any form can prove to be rather hurtful and brutal, either for the individual or towards multiple groups. Conflict is a destructive force as it generates separation as a result of different ideas and opinions between different people or groups. When individuals or groups of people have social orders placed upon them, there is an inclination of trust and the idea of togetherness to be damaged. We live in a world of social structure and laws that are enforced to keep society under control. This is because the majority of conflicts that occur are destructive but they try to remain constructive. In the movie ‘A Separation’ we see many examples of conflict being encountered. The film captures the reality of city life in modern-day Iran, where a woman Razieh’s decision to take up a job that she couldn’t handle entirely set a motion of events that end in the death of her unborn child.. As the adults involved turn to legal remedies and the accusations and counter-accusations build up, the conflict becomes Termeh, the eleven year old daughter of Nader and Simin. The conflict occurred and encountered with Termeh sees her becoming more mature than what her age is due to her being  increasingly burdened by her parents’ unhappiness and the wider flaws she sees in the world that she lives in. The conflict in her life becomes a destructive force as she has to watch on as her father breaks down day by day as he can no longer deal with his own conflict that he has to deal with, which results in him being arrested and leaves Termeh in a struggle as to how she is even going to live as her mother has walked out on her for just a while. The film shows multiple variations of how conflict can be so damaging to one’s life and their being. Even though Nader’s father has no will to be even able to speak you can see his condition deteriorating as he watches the world go by him and has to see his son break down as he can no longer deal with the struggle he is put through day after day. However, the burden that Nader’s father puts on Nader impeccably shows his incapability to be able to let go of his father’s inability to live. For Nader, it is all about protecting and caring for his father who once did the same for him. He encounters conflict for the first time in the film right at the beginning when he is faced in court with the decision to leave his father and go with his wife and daughter to move out of the country. Nader is in the position where he would like to go for a better life but he simply cannot leave his father which causes his then wife Simin to get boiled over as she is beyond belief as to how Nader could not want a better life for his daughter and wife. This sets the scene for the whole film as the destructiveness continues to show from this point onwards. Conflict shows as it can be a power in our lives which can be uncontrollable in that of it can tear someone down bit by bit.

Ict and Banking Industry

A PROJECT REPORT ON THE EFFECT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ON THE EFFECIENCY OF BANKING INDUSTRY (IN UDAIPUR CITY) IN THE PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) 2007-2009 PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, UDAIPUR Post Box No. 12, Pratap Nagar Extension, Airport road Udaipur-313003 Ph: 0294-2491340 E mail: [email  protected] om,[email  protected] com Submitted by: Submitted to: Chanda Joshi Mr. Dhiraj Jain MBA Part-2 Asstt. Professor, PIM ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Industrialists in professional life are likely and keenly aware of their sense of indebtness to many people who have stimulated & influenced their intellectual development in ordinarily.The feeling is formally expressed in customary gestures of acknowledgement therefore it seems only right to acknowledgement my gratitude with sense of veneration to the almighty & various people helped me to work in systematic & smoother manner. I would like to express my profound thanks to all the respondents who were co-operative enough and spared their valuable time in filling up the questionnaire. Words are not in lexicon to express my sincere sense of gratitude for my mentor, elite guide and path Mr. Dhiraj Jain and, Prof. B.P SHARMA (Director, pacific institute of Management) whose valuable guidance instigating encouragement creative thoughts & constructive criticism had helped me to accomplish this research work successfully. CHANDA JOSHI PREFACE The explosive growth of information and communication technology (ICT) is swiftly changing the banking industry and stern competition between the increasing numbers of banks has resulted in high investment on ICT. This report discusses the effect of ICT on banking industry (service) in Udaipur city with reference to public and private banks.Two Questionnaires were used to collect data from diverse customers and bank employees separately; the customers and bank employees accept as true that ICT has an effect on bankin g industry in India. The results of study undoubtedly show the massive impact of ICT on the performance of the banking industry in India. INDEX PARTICULARS DESCRIPTION 1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2. PREFACE 3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4. INTRODUCTION 5. INDUSTRY PROFILE 6. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 7. DATA INTERPRETATION 8. FINDINGS,CONCLUSIONS . RECOMMENDATIONS 10. QUESTIONNAIRE 11. BIBLIOGRAPHY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Advances in the banking sector have ushered in an era of multi – product and multi – service being delivered using multiple yet integrated channels. The use of information and communication technology (ICT) is on the increase and encompasses nearly the entire gamut of banking operations. Rising competition and customer expectations have compelled top management implement, and continuously upgrade, agile scalable ICT practices and solutions.The enormity and range of banking services combined with the complexity of integrated and ICT – enabled delivery mechanisms require com prehensive partnerships to be forged between banks and providers of ICT solutions. ICT has a crucial role to play in the financial sector in at least three main areas: improving the range and efficiency of banking services available to customers, lowering costs increasing the efficiency of capital markets, and allowing for more effective regulations of all types of financial markets and related transactions.The use of ICT enables a better delivery of banking services to both depositors and borrowers within a country and between countries. ICT has a central role in the operation of various capital markets such as stock markets, bond markets and foreign exchange markets, and it is intensively used by market organizers, market professionals and investors in this markets. ICT is also an essential tool for supervisory or regulatory bodies of these markets at both national and international levels.This research presents the preliminary findings of a research study to identify the effect o f implementation of ICT on the efficiency of banks in Udaipur. The methodology includes the collection of data by the questionnaire survey. Two types of questionnaires are to be prepared for the data collection- One questionnaire has been distributed among the customers to know the efficiency of the banking services by using ICT. The second questionnaire is to be filled by the officials of the banks, which will provide information about the need, & importance of the ICT for the efficiency of the bank.Chapter 1 INDUSTRY PROFILE INDUSTRY PROFILE What is banking? Bank may be defined as a financial institution which is engaged in the business of keeping money for savings and checking accounts or for exchange or for issuing loans and credit etc. A set of services intended for private customers and characterized by a higher quality than the services offered to retail customers. Based on the notion of tailor-made services, it aims to offer advice on investment, inheritance plans and provid e active support for general transactions and the resolution of asset-related problems.The essential function of a bank is to provide services related to the storing of deposits and the extending of credit. Basic function may include Credit collection, Issuer of banking notes, Depositor of money and lending loans. Now a days banking is  not in its  traditional way, with the advancement of technology its focusing  on more  comfort of customer  providing services such as: †¢Online Banking †¢ Investment Banking †¢ Electronic Banking †¢ Internet Banking †¢ PC Banking /Mobile Banking †¢ E-Banking The importance of banking sector is immense in the progress and prosperity of any State or country.INDIAN BANKING INDUSTRY The growth in the Indian Banking Industry has been more qualitative than quantitative and it is expected to remain the same in the coming years. Based on the projections made in the â€Å"India Vision 2020† prepared by the Plann ing Commission and the Draft 10th Plan, the report forecasts that the pace of expansion in the balance-sheets of banks is likely to decelerate. The total assets of all scheduled commercial banks by end-March 2010 are estimated at Rs 40, 90,000 crores. That will comprise about 65 per cent of GDP at current market prices as compared to 67 per cent in 2002-03.Bank assets are expected to grow at an annual composite rate of 13. 4 per cent during the rest of the decade as against the growth rate of 16. 7 per cent that existed between 1994-95 and 2002-03. It is expected that there will be large additions to the capital base and reserves on the liability side. Banks in India can be categorized into non-scheduled banks and scheduled banks. Scheduled banks constitute of commercial banks and co-operative banks. There are about 67,000 branches of Scheduled banks spread across India. During the first phase of financial reforms, there was a nationalization of 14 major banks in 1969.This crucial s tep led to a shift from Class banking to Mass banking. Since then the growth of the banking industry in India has been a continuous process. The Public Sector Banks (PSBs), which are the base of the Banking sector in India account for more than 78 per cent of the total banking industry assets. Unfortunately they are burdened with excessive Non Performing assets (NPAs), massive manpower and lack of modern technology. On the other hand the Private Sector Banks are making tremendous progress. They are leaders in Internet banking, mobile banking, phone banking, ATMs.As far as foreign banks are concerned they are likely to succeed in the Indian Banking Industry. Indus land Bank was the first private bank to be set up in India. In the Indian Banking Industry some of the Private Sector Banks operating are IDBI Bank, ING Vyasa Bank, SBI Commercial and International Bank Ltd, Dhanalakshmi Bank Ltd,Karur Vysya Bank Ltd, Bank of Rajasthan Ltd etc are some private sector banks. Banks from the P ublic Sector include Punjab National bank, Vijaya Bank, UCO Bank, Oriental Bank, Allahabad Bank , Andhra Bank etc.ANZ Grindlays Bank, ABN-AMRO Bank, American Express Bank Ltd, Citibank are some of the foreign banks operating in the Indian Banking Industry . CHAPTER-2 INTRODUCTION ————————————————- Meaning of ICT The term â€Å"ICT† describes the use of computer – based technology and the internet to make information and communication service available to a wide rang of users. The term is used broadly to address a range of technologies, including telephones. Central to these is the Internet, which provides the mechanism for transporting data in a number of formats including text, images, sound, and video.Additionally, ICT deals with the application layer, the systems that enable information to be collected and distributed, analyzed, and processed. However, whi le ICT is generally adaptable to different information. Needs and circumstances, its effectiveness in solving development issues still depends on the content it carries. ————————————————- The New Era The 21st century will bring about an all – embracing convergence of computing, communication, information and knowledge. This will radically change the way we live work and think.The growth of high – speed networks, coupled with the falling cost of computing power, is making possible application under dream of in the past. Voice, data, images, and video may now be transferred around the world in microseconds. This explosion of technology is changing the banking industry from paper and branch banks to’ digitized and networked banking services. It has already changed the internal accounting and management systems of banks. It is now fundamentally changing th e delivery systems banks use to interact with their customers.All over the world, banks are still struggling to find a technological solution to meet the challenges of a rapidly changing environment. It is clear that this new technology is changing the banking industry forever. Banks with the ability to invest and integrate information technology will become dominate in the highly competitive global market. Bankers are convinced that investing in IT is critical. Its potential and consequences on the banking industry future is enormous. ————————————————- Technology and Banks Transformation ————————————————-Computers are getting more sophisticated. They have given banks a potential they could only dream about and have given bank customers high expectations. The cha nges that new technologies have brought to banking are enormous in their impact on officers, employees, and customers of banks. Advances in technology are allowing for delivery of banking products and services more conveniently and effectively then ever before- thus creating new based of competition. Rapid access to critical information and the ability to act quickly and effectively will distinguish the successful banks of the future.The bank gains a vital competitive advantage by having a direct marketing and accountable customer service environment and new, streamlined business processes. Consistent management decision support system provides the bank that competitive edge to forge ahead in the banking market place. ————————————————- ————————————————- Major app lication: – The advantage accruing from computerization are three-directional – to the customer, to the bank, and to the employee. ————————————————- ———————————————— For the customer ————————————————- ————————————————- Banks are aware of customer’s need for new services and plan to make them available. It has increased the level of competition and forced them to integrate the new technologies in order to satisfy there customers. They have already developed and implemented a certain number of solutions among them: —à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- * ————————————————-Self – inquiry Facility: ————————————————- Facility for logging into specified self – inquiry terminals at the branch to inquire and view the transaction in the account * ————————————————- Remote banking: ————————————————- Remote terminals at the customer site connected to the respective branch through a modem, enabling the customer to make inquires regarding his accounts, on-line, without ha ving to move from is office. * ————————————————-Anytime banking- Anywhere banking : ————————————————- Installation of ATMs which offer non-stop cash withdrawal, remittances inquiry facilities. Networking of computerized branches inter-city and intra-city, will permit customers of these branches, when interconnected, to transact from any of these branches. * ————————————————- Telebanking: ————————————————- 24- Hour service through which enquiries regarding balances and transactions in the account can be made over the phone. ——â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Electronic banking : ————————————————- This enables the bank to provide corporate or high value customers with graphical user interface (GUI) software on a PC, to inquire about their. Financial transaction and accounts, cash transfers, chequebook issue and inquiry on rates without visiting the bank: Moreover, the customer can send LC text and details on bills, and the bank can download the same. The technology used to provide this service is called electronic data interchange (EDI).It used to transmit business transaction in computer – readable from between organization and individuals in a standard format. * ————————————————- As information is cen tralized and updates are available simultaneously at all places, single – window service become possible, leaving to effective reduction in waiting time. For the bank:- During the last decade, banks applied IT to a wide range of back and front office tasks in addition to a great number of new products. The major advantages for the bank to implement IT are: Availability of a wide range of inquiry facilities, assisting the bank in business development and follow – up. * Immediate replies to customers queries without reference to ledger-keeper as terminals are provide to mangers and chief mangers * Generation of various MIS reports & periodical returns on due dates.. * Automatic and prompt carrying out of standing instructions on due date and generation of reports. * Fast and up-to-date information transfer enabling speedier decisions by interconnecting computerized branches and controlling offices.For the employees – IT has increased this productivity through the followings: * Accurate computing of cumbersome and time – consuming jobs such as balancing and interest calculation on due dates. * Automatic printing of covering schedules, deposit receipts, passbook / pass sheet, freeing the staff from performing these time – consuming jobs, and enabling them to give more attention to the needs of customers. * Signature retrieval facility, assisting in verification of transactions, seating at their on terminal. * Avoidance of duplication of entries due to existence of single – point data entry.A search of the banking literature reveals that banks are moving rapidly to take advantage of recent and new customer service and cost reduction opportunities that new technologies offer. IMPORTANCE OF INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY The internet is rapidly becoming the information superhighway of a global electronic marketplace. The rising commercial interests in the internet are especially evident in â€Å"front-end† appl ication such as electronic catalogs, yellow pages, storefronts, malls, and customer support centers.All this application are based on the world wide Web (WWW) – the fastest growing segment of the Internet. Although â€Å"back-end† applications such as electronic data interchange (EDI) are equally important, their adoption has not been as rapid. One major concern is security:: the Internet is generally perceived as not secure enough for transmitting sensitive data such as payments. Upon a closer look, however, this view is not warranted, since technologies such as public key encryption and firewalls address essential security concerns.Moreover, such technologies are already available. The only remaining barrier is the lack of real world users of those technologies. Investing in technology According to a survey conducted by the American Bankers Association, US banks expenditure on information technology grew from $ 16. 3 billion in 1994 to $ 18. 7 billion in 1995  œ an increase of 14. 7%, and $ 1 billion more than the same bankers forecasted they would spend in last year’s survey. By 1998, the banks expect to spend $ 21. 2 billion (an increase of 7. 1%) The New Delivery Systems.The increasing cost of building brick-and-mortar branches, decreasing cost of computers, high delivery costs and slow revenue growth force a relook at the conventional delivery systems. Moreover, growing comfort of technology usage by the customer is rapidly fostering usage of non – branch channels for routine transactions. The new strategy changes the focus of the branch from being a high cost transaction center to a provider of a wide range of services like telebanking, customer service kiosks, ATM’s, and remote electronic banking.New Marketing Opportunities As the new technology is so expensive banks need to use the new systems to do more than deliver information and basic services. Banks need the ability to also sell insurance and investment pr oducts to get a better return on this investment. Telephone banking can bring financial services to the home or office, especially if they are affordable screen phones. By noticing how much interest the customer expresses, the bank can market stock quotes and insurance quotes.Interactive videos are new technology that banks can make available to the customers to maintain personal contact while still lowering the expenses of delivery service. With an interactive video an expert employee is not needed in each branch. Complex life insurance products, open brokerage accounts, customized product illustrations can be widely available where needed. The interactive videos will be cost effective expertise. The internet is a medium to allow banks to offer products to customers outside the normal customer base of a branch.Banks are aware of the customer’s need for these services and plan to make them available before other sources do. THE EFFECT OF ICT ON BANKS Banks is an unusual firm because it does not produce any object or tangible product, like a farmer producing rice or Cement Companies producing bags of cement. On any business day, a bank receives information, stores information, processed information, and distributes information. A saving deposit is recorded, an entry is made in someone’s account, at the right time interest is added, and the customer is periodically provided with a ummary statement. A loan application is received, a file is started, the application is assessed by a loan officer, and the client is either rejected or provided with a credit. Each of these functions can be handled by hand with ledger and pens or, today, they can be handled entirely by data entry, computers, and information systems. What ICT does for a bank is to make a dramatic reduction in the costs of handling information and in the transaction costs to the bank and customer of handling a deposit or loan.Clearly, this reduction benefits both the bank and its customers . The impact of high transaction costs is even more acute in rural areas and gravely Inhibits access even to basic financial services. Out on-going field work shows that a formal lending rate for a farm loan of, say, 15 percent is not sufficient to switch business away from informal lenders who charge a rate of 40 percent or higher. ICT not only increase the efficiency of bank operations but permits banks to offer a wider array of services such as ATMs, telephonic banking, and computer banking.ICT facilities the deeper penetration of credit card services, thereby expediting business transaction. Behind the scenes an ICT system would permit banks to speed up inter bank check clearing and engage in electronic funds transfer such as direct debiting or salary deposits. A credit bureau would enable banks to obtain accurate and immediate information about a customer’s credit history and rating, thus lowering risks, costs, and interest rates. What is perhaps less well – known , is that ICT dose not merely lower information and transactions costs and improve bank efficiency and services.With the development or proper accounting and reporting standards, an ICT system also improves the ability of bank and capital market regulators to track the information they need to regulate financial markets . ICT can help takes and customs authorities to expedite revenue collections and if properly handled it can greatly reduce the potential for unwarranted side payments. Role of information technology in banking industry I. T. in Banking: 1). Technology has opened up new markets, new products, new services and efficient delivery channels for the banking industry.Online electronics banking, mobile banking and internet banking are just a few examples. 2). Information Technology has also provided banking industry with the wherewithal to deal with the challenges the new economy poses. Information technology has been the cornerstone of recent financial sector reforms aimed at increasing the speed and reliability of financial operations and of initiatives to strengthen the banking sector. 3). The IT revolution has set the stage for unprecedented increase in financial activity across the globe.The progress of technology and the development of world wide networks have significantly reduced the cost of global funds transfer. 4). It is information technology which enables banks in meeting such high expectations of the customers who are more demanding and are also more techno-savvy compared to their counterparts of the yester years. They demand instant, anytime and anywhere banking facilities. 5). IT has been providing solutions to banks to take care of their accounting and back office requirements. This has, however, now given way to large scale usage in services aimed at the customer of the banks.IT also facilitates the introduction of new delivery channels–in the form of Automated Teller Machines, Net Banking, Mobile Banking and the like. Further, IT deployment has assumed such high levels that it is no longer possible for banks to manage their IT implementations on a stand alone basis with IT revolution, banks are increasingly interconnecting their computer systems not only across branches in a city but also to other geographic locations with high-speed network infrastructure, and setting up local area and wide area networks and connecting them to the Internet.As a result, information systems and networks are now exposed to a growing number. Technology Products: (1). Net Banking (2). Credit Card Online (3). One View (4). InstaAlerts (5). Mobile Banking (6). NetSafe (7). e-Monies Electronic Fund Transfer (8). Online Payment of Excise & Service Tax (9). Phone Banking (10). Bill Payment (11). Shopping (12). Ticket Booking (13). Railway Ticket Booking through SMS (14). Prepaid Mobile Recharge (15). Smart Money Order (16). Card to Card Funds Transfer (17). Funds Transfer (ECheques) (18). Anywhere Banking (19). Internet Banking ( 20). Mobile Banking (21). [email  protected] (i) Express Delivery 22). Cash on Tap: (ii) Normal Delivery Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research in common parlance refers to the search for knowledge. It can also be define as scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on specific topic. In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation research is a voyage of discovery . it is also said to be the pursuit of truth with the help of study , observation , comparison and experiment. The rule of research in several fields of applied economics weather related to business or to economy as a whole, has greatly influenced in modern times.The increasing complex nature of business and government has focused on the use of research in solving problem. According to Kiplinger â€Å"research is a systematic, controlled, empirical and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions about the presumed relation among natural phenomenon. Characteristic of Research : ? Research is a systematic and critical investigation into a Phenomenon ? Research is not a mere compilation, but a purposive investigation. ? It aims at describing, interpreting and explaining a phenomenon. ? It adopts scientific method. ? It is objective and logical. It is based upon the observable experience and empirical evidence. ? It is directed towards finding answers to pertinent question and Solution. Stage in Research Process : ? formulating the research problem ? Choice of research design ? Determining sources of data ? Designing data collection forms ? Determining sampling design and sampling size ? Organizing and conducting the field survey ? Processing and analyzing the collected data ? Preparing the research report RESEARCH OBJECTIVES : Objectives of the proposed study are as under:- 1) To study the effectiveness of ICT in banks of Udaipur city. (2) To study the effect of the ICT on service delivery of banks. RESEARCH DESIGN :- A Research Design specifies the methods and procedures for conducting a particular study. The researcher should specify the approach he intends to use with respect to the proposed study. Broadly speaking Research Designs can be groped in to 3 categories: 1. Exploratory research 2. Descriptive research 3. Casual Research For achieving the research objectives which are already stated clearly, The Descriptive Research method was adopted. SAMPLE SIZE :-It describes how many employees and customers of the bank should be surveyed 25 employees and 25 customers of private as well public banks were surveyed. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:- Respondents were selected on the basis of convenience sampling in the certain private As well as public banks of Udaipur city SAMPLE UNIT :- For the study two types of samples are to be selected – (a) Customers of the banks (b) Bank Employees TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION :- The following tools were used for the data collection: 1. Structured questionnaire: By asking the structured questions to the employees and customers by interviewing. . Review of written document: some part of this study was collected from the journals and books. CHAPTER-4 DATA INTERPRETATION Various banks in which these employees are working Various banks in which customers are having their accounts A. FOR THE CUSTOMERS Q. 1 TYPES OF ACCOUNTS? Interpretation: The above graph shows about the types of accounts of the customers in the bank. In it 76% have saving account ,12%of customers are having current & 12% 0f customers are having both type of account in the banks. Q. 2 Awareness of the changes due to ICT? Interpretation:The above graph shows the 98% of the customers are aware of the changes due to ICT, but very less ( 2% ) of customers were unaware of it. Q. 4 For last how many years is your bank using ICT? Interpretation: The76% customers respondents their bank using ICT for last 5 & above years and 24% of customer said that their bank is using ICT for the 0-5 years. Q. 5 is every department com puterized? Interpretation: 92% customers respond that every department is computerized in their bank but very few customers i. e. 8% said that every department is not computerized Q. Do you find any problem while using ICT? Interpretation: The above graph shows that 60% of customers find no difficulty while using ICT, 32% said it is very difficult to understand and 8%% find it difficult to operate. Q . 7 Do you find bank staff co-operating ? Interpretation: 97% of customers said that there bank staff is co-operating but 3% respond negatively. Q. 8 Do you think ICT has improved the service delivery of the bank? Interpretation: Above graph shows that the 82% of customers were strongly agreed and 18% were agreed that ICT has improved the service delivery of the bank. Q. Are you satisfied with the banking services providing you after using ICT? Interpretation: Above graph shows that the 82% of customers were strongly satisfied, 16% were agreed satisfied but only 2% were dissatisfied wit h the services providing to them after using ICT. Q. 10 Is any improvement required in this type of services? Interpretation: Above graph shows that the 84% of customers needed improvement in ICT, 16% said that no improvement is required. B. FOR BANK EMPLOYEES Q. 1 Awareness of the changes due to I. C. T. ? Interpretation: The above graph shows that awareness level of the respondents due to the hanges of I. C. T. 100% are aware with the changes due to the I. C. T. in the banks. Q. 2 Is your bank using I. C. T.? Interpretation: The all respondents said that their bank is using information and communication technology. Q. 3 For how long I. C. T. is used in this bank? Interpretation: The Above graph shows about the year of ICT using being used in banks . In it78% of the banks are using ICT from past 0-5 years. After that 22% of the banks are using I. C. T. from past 6-10 year. And no bank has experience to use the I. C. T . more than 11 years. Q. 4 Do you think that implementation of I . C.T. in banks is essential and effective in banks? Interpretation: The above graph shows that the implementation of I. C. T. in banks is very much essential and effective . 66% of employees are strongly agree with it & 34% of employees were agree. Q. 5 Has I. C. T. brought positive changes in your way of working? Interpretation: The above graph shows that the information and communication technology has brought very positive changes in the working way of doing job 68% respondents were strongly agree with it but the very least i. e. 2%of respondents were strongly disagree with the statement.Q. 6 Has I. C. T. brought the positive changes in this bank? Interpretation: 68% of employees accepted that I. C. T. has brought positive changes in their bank ,28% were agree with it but 4% of respondents were disagree with fact. Q. 7 Do you face any problem while using I. C. T.? Interpretation: 82% of the employees do not find any difficulty in using the new system. 10% of the employees find t he new system difficult to understand . 8% of the employees find difficulty in operating the new system. Q. 8 Has training been provided to the employees to use the new system tech. ?Interpretation: The above graph shows that 42% 0f employees were strongly agree that they got the training to use the new system technology, 36% were agree but 20% were disagree & 2% were strongly disagree about the getting of training for using the technology. Q. 9 Has I. C. T. improved the performance of the bank employees ? Interpretation: 66% of respondents were strongly agree that the I. C. T. has improved the performance in their bank, 30% were agree but the rest were disagree with this. Q. 10 Has I. C. T. lead to loss of jobs in banking sector? Interpretation:The above graph shows that 64%0f employees were strongly agree that I. C. T has lead to loss of jobs in banking sector,16% of employees were disagree with the statement. Q. 11 Has I. C. T. affected efficiency in banking services? Interpretat ion: The above graph shows that 68% 0f employees were strongly agree that I. C. T. has affected the banking services,30% were also agree & 2% were disagree with it. CHAPTER- 5 FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS Findings : 1. 66% of the customers respond that they are getting better services after using Information & communication technology. 2.It was found that 98% of customers & 100% of employees a were of the Changes due to new system technology. 3. It was found that 82% of customers strongly agreed that ICT has improved the Service delivery of the bank. 4. 98% of employees of employees accepted that the information & Communication technology has affected the banking service in positive Manner. 5. This was found that because of ICT has lead to the loss of jobs in banking sector. 6. During the study it was found that because of lower network connectivity Employees as well as customers were getting problem in service. . 100% of Employees as well as customers said that the imple mentation of I. C. T. is essential & effective in banks. Conclusion * Banks offering internet-based products and services should have reliable and secure methods to authenticate their customers. * The level of authentication used by the financial institution should be appropriate to the risk associated with those products and services. * Financial institution should conduct a risk assessment to identify the types and levels of risk associated with their internet banking application.Where risk assessments indicate that the use of single-factor authentication is inadequate, financial institutions should implement multifactor authentication, layered security, or other controls reasonably calculated to mitigate those risks, the agencies consider single-factor authentication, as the only control mechanism, to be inadequate in the case of high risk transaction involving access to customer information or the movement of funds to other parties. * Most of the customers are satisfied with the services provided by banks. The objective of the study was to find out the effect of information & communication Technology on the efficiency of banking sector in certain private as well as public banks, It was to find out how service delivery is effected after using the ICT in banks. * The study concludes that information & communication technology plays more significant role in the increasing of the banking efficiency in both, private as well as public sector banks. RECOMMENDATIONS:- ? Raise awareness and promote the concept of information &Communication technology among the customers as well as bank Employees. The method of authentication used in a specific internet application Should be appropriate and reasonable, from a business perspective, In light of the reasonably foreseeable risks in that application. ? Conduct training programme once in the month. ? Encourage the use of E-Commerce by providing the better & fast Services. ? An effective authentication method should have c ustomer acceptance, Reliable performance, scalability to accommodate growth, and Interoperability with existing systems and future plan . With the growth in electronic banking and commerce, financial Institutions should use reliable methods of originating new customer accounts online. ? Financial institutions should rely on multiple layers of controls to prevent fraud and safeguard customer’s information. ? Recognize the needs of employees while using the ICT. ? should provide the fast & regular ICT services so that employees can deliver the fast services & customers can gat the better services. ? The daily updating & awareness of new changes in ICT must be in Practice.LIMITATIONS ?The research conducted was limited to Udaipur City only. ?Findings of the study are based on the assumption that respondents have Divulged the correct information. ?The study is confined to selected groups of employees & customers in banks of Udaipur city. ? Few respondents were so much occupied wi th their work that they could not Spare time to fill the questionnaire. ?Due to unwillingness of providing any information, the respondents Filled the questionnaire casually which might have affected the conclusion.BIBLIOGRAPHY www. google. com www. rediff. com Kothari. C. R Research methodology; methods & techniques Questionnaire – 1 FOR BANK EMPLOYEES Contact Person________________________________________________ Age______ Gender_____ Designation_______ Phone No. _____________ Official Address_______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Q. 1Are you a were of the changes due to information and communication Technology in banking system? Yes [ ] No [ ]Q. 2 Is your Bank using I. C. T.? Yes [ ] No [ ] Q. 3If yes, for how long I. C. T. is used in this bank? 0 – 5 [ ] 6 – 10 [ ] 11 and above [ ] Q. 4Do you think that implementation of ITC is essential and effective for Banking sector? A) Agree [ ] B) D isagree [ ] C) Strongly Agree [ ] D) Strongly disagree [ ] E) neutral Q. 5Has ICT Brought Positive changes in your working way of doing job?A) Agree [ ] B) Disagree [ ] C) Strongly Agree [ ] D) Strongly disagree [ ] E) neutral [ ] Q. 6Do you think that ICT has brought Positive changes in this bank? A) Agree [ ] B) Disagree [ ] C) Strongly Agree [ ] D) Strongly disagree [ ] E) neutral [ ] Q. 7What problem do you face while using this new system technology? A) Difficult to operate [ ] B) Difficult to Understand [ ] C) Easy [ ] Q. 8Did you get training to use the new system technology?A) Agree [ ] B) Disagree [ ] C) Strongly Agree [ ] D) Strongly disagree [ ] E) neutral [ ] Q. 9Do you think ICT has improved the performance of employees in this bank? A) Agree [ ] B) Disagree [ ] C) Strongly Agree [ ] D) Strongly disagree [ ] E) neutral [ ] Q10Do you think ICT has lead to loss of jobs in banking sector? A) Agree [ ] B) Disagree [ ] C) Strongly Agree [ ] D) Strongly disagree [ ] E) neutra l [ ]Q. 11Has ICT affected the productivity / efficiency in Banking services? A) Agree [ ] B) Disagree [ ] C) Strongly Agree [ ] D) Strongly disagree [ ] E) neutral [ ] Q. 12Is any improvement required? Yes [ ] No [ ] Questionnaire – 2 FOR CUSTOMERS Contact person_________________ Age ____________ Gender__________________ Educational Qualification: Under Graduate Graduate Post Graduate Other specify Q1. What type of Account do you operate?A) Saving [ ] B) Current [ ] C) other specify [ ] Q. 2For how long have you been using this bank? A) 0 – 5 [ ] B) 5 – 10 [ ] C) 10 – 15[ ] 15 and above Q. 3Are you aware of the changes due to information and communication Technology in banking system? A) Yes [ ] B) No [ ] Q. 4For last how many years your bank is using I. C. T.? A) 0 – 5 [ ] B) 5 and Above [ ] Q. 5Is every Department is computerized? A) Yes [ ] B) NO [ ] Q. Do you find any problem while using this new system technology? A) Difficult to operate [ ] B) Difficult to understand [ ] C) Easy [ ] Q. 7Do you find Bank staff co-operating? A) Yes [ ] B) NO [ ] SQ. 8Did you get any help services to use new system technology? A) Agree [ ] B) Disagree [ ] C) Strongly Agree [ ] D) Strongly disagree [ ] D) Neutral [ ] Q. 9 Do you think ICT has improved the service delivery of the bank ?A) Agree [ ] B) Disagree [ ] C) Strongly Agree [ ] D) Strongly disagree [ ] D) Neutral [ ] Q. 10Are you satisfied with the Banking services providing you after using I. C. T.? A) Agree [ ] B) Disagree [ ] C) Strongly Agree [ ] D) Strongly disagree [ ] D) Neutral [ ] Q. 11Do you have account in both public sectors Bank as well as in private sector Bank? A) Yes [ ] B) No [ ] Q. 12if any improvement required? A) Yes [ ] B) No [ ]

Good Man Is Hard To Find Essays - A Good Man Is Hard To Find

Good Man Is Hard To Find Essays - A Good Man Is Hard To Find Good Man Is Hard To Find Flannery OConnor A Good Man Is Hard To Find A Southern American novelist and short story writer, Miss O Connors career spanned the 1950s and early 60s, a time when the South was dominated by Protestant Christians. OConnor was born and raised Catholic. She was a fundamentalist and a Christian moralist whose powerful apocalyptic fiction is focused in the South. Flannery OConnor was born March 25, 1925, in Savannah, Georgia. O Connor grew up on a farm with her parents Regina and Edward O Connor. At the age of five, she taught a chicken to walk backwards. OConnor attended Georgia State College for women, now Georgia College, in Milledgeville, majoring in sociology. She had showed a gift for satirical writing, as well as cartooning since she was a child. By the end of her undergraduate education, OConnor knew that writing was her true passion. She spent two years at the prestigious School for Writers at the State University of Iowa on scholarship, receiving a masters degree of fine arts in 1947 (Candee 318). In 1950, she had a near fatal attack of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic inflammatory connective tissue disorder. that causes periods of joint pain and fatigue, and can attack the hearts, lungs, and kidneys. Her father died of the disease when she was fifteen (Blythe 49). OConnor would have to walk with crutches for the rest of her life. By her death at the age of 39, Flannery OConnor won a prominent place in modern American literature. She was an anomaly among post-World War II writers, a Roman Catholic from the BibleBelt South, whose stated purpose was to reveal the mystery of Gods grace in everyday life. Aware that few readers shared her faith, OConnor chose to depict salvation through shocking, often violent action upon characters who were spiritually or physically grotesque (Ryiley 334). Flannery OConnors significance as a writer is her original use of religion. Like no other short story writer, she dramatizes religious themes in her fiction stories. She is established as one of the most gifted and original fiction writers of the 20th century. Everything That Rise must converge, and Revelation won first prize in the O. Henry awards for short stories. The Life You Save May Be Your Own and A Circle in the Fire won second prize in the O. Henry awards. The Complete Stories of Flannery OConnor won the National Book Award in 1971 (Bloom 145-146). O Connors work is inspired by the sense of the mystery of human nature. She tends to use good vs. evil and death to shock and startle her readers into an awareness of the theological truth of faith, the fall, the redemption, and the judgment (Riley 367). Some critics describe her writing as harsh and negative while people in the religious community wanted a happier communication of the faith. OConnor described her characters as poor afflicted in both mind and body, with little or at best a distorted sense of spiritual purpose(Harris & Fitzerald 336). OConnor claims she understood the universe created by God as good and evil. In a letter to a friend, she complained about a review that called her short story collection, A Good Man is hard To Find, brutal and sarcastic. The stories are hard, she wrote. But they are hard because there is nothing harder or less sentimental than Christian realism(qtd. In Harris & Fitzerald 336). OConnor likes to focus on the rough, often ugly memories of t he place she knew best, the rural South. She saw her world as sacrament, brushed with grace, twisted, beaten, but still straining toward her belief in God. The settings of her stories and novels are either Georgia or Tennessee, often backwoods or rural areas. She gives her characters a southern accent because this is the area she knows best. O Connor uses common symbols, such as sunsets that resemble blood drenched Eucharistic host, preening peacocks that represent Christs transfiguration, and the trees themselves writhe in spiritual agony (Bloom 49). Some critics say that she is trying to convert her readers, whom she assumes are non-believers. The story A Good Man is Hard To Find begins with a family planing to

Free Essays on Human Cloning

Perfection in humans is unheard of. We cannot even agree on what ‘normal’ is, much less what is perfect. All opinions are based on what each person prefers, or what works best for them. Human life should not be decided this way. It could lead to mass races, and people working toward creating the â€Å"perfect human.† Such people would be used as human machines, neglected as people, looked to only for what they can do, and not who they are. Hard work wouldn’t be as appreciated in the world. â€Å"workers† for specific causes will be created. Naturally born people will want to use these â€Å"created people† for their own use. Biologically cloned humans would be shunned from society as outsiders. People think in â€Å"fairness† terms naturally. Would it be fair to naturally made people to compete in a world with biologically enhanced clones? Let’s look at the motives behind cloning. The biggest anticipated reason for cloning would be to â€Å"replace† a lost child or loved one, or â€Å"create† a child from homosexual or infertile couples. Other reasons include â€Å"growing† organs for replacements, creating perfect humans, creating humans for specific causes, cloning to further medical research, to find a way to immortality, or to create mass races, for whatever cause. While many ethical concerns worry about medical risk, and the use of embryos, many critics have focused on the danger to people's individuality and uniqueness. The most troubling concern is that clones will be exact carbon copies with no uniqueness or identity because a clone would be psychologically and physically identical to his or her DNA donor. A U.S. News and World Report cover features a drawing of an ink stamp pressing out thousands of crying babies. This image portrays cloning as a frightening mass production of sameness while cloning treats clones as commodities with no identity or soul. The fear of losing identity reflects people's belief i... Free Essays on Human Cloning Free Essays on Human Cloning Perfection in humans is unheard of. We cannot even agree on what ‘normal’ is, much less what is perfect. All opinions are based on what each person prefers, or what works best for them. Human life should not be decided this way. It could lead to mass races, and people working toward creating the â€Å"perfect human.† Such people would be used as human machines, neglected as people, looked to only for what they can do, and not who they are. Hard work wouldn’t be as appreciated in the world. â€Å"workers† for specific causes will be created. Naturally born people will want to use these â€Å"created people† for their own use. Biologically cloned humans would be shunned from society as outsiders. People think in â€Å"fairness† terms naturally. Would it be fair to naturally made people to compete in a world with biologically enhanced clones? Let’s look at the motives behind cloning. The biggest anticipated reason for cloning would be to â€Å"replace† a lost child or loved one, or â€Å"create† a child from homosexual or infertile couples. Other reasons include â€Å"growing† organs for replacements, creating perfect humans, creating humans for specific causes, cloning to further medical research, to find a way to immortality, or to create mass races, for whatever cause. While many ethical concerns worry about medical risk, and the use of embryos, many critics have focused on the danger to people's individuality and uniqueness. The most troubling concern is that clones will be exact carbon copies with no uniqueness or identity because a clone would be psychologically and physically identical to his or her DNA donor. A U.S. News and World Report cover features a drawing of an ink stamp pressing out thousands of crying babies. This image portrays cloning as a frightening mass production of sameness while cloning treats clones as commodities with no identity or soul. The fear of losing identity reflects people's belief i... Free Essays on Human Cloning Human Cloning The first message Samuel F.B. Morse, the inventor of the telegraph, sent over wires between Baltimore and Washington was â€Å"What hath God wrought!† The marvel of human birth should bring about the same ideas of wonder in the parents of a newborn child. Currently the, so-called, â€Å"cult† of human perfectionism lies in â€Å"what marvels science has achieved!† The cloning of goats, pigs, sheep and other farm animals has led to the brink of the cloning of human beings. Maverick Italian cloning proponent Dr. Severnio Antinori, with the help of Panos Zavos, a Kentucky scientist and entrepreneur, addressing a panel of scientists meeting in Washington last week, announced that they are prepared to proceed with the creation of the world’s first cloned human beings. Antinori’s insane proposal was met with outcries of world condemnation of human cloning by the many well-known specialists present, who rejected the work as unethical and immoral. One critic of the concept of human cloning termed it â€Å"the height of arrogance.† The U.S. House of Representatives had passed the Human Cloning Prohibition Act by a vote of 265-162 on July 31. The vote came the day after a strong White House statement against human cloning. The statement said, â€Å"the administration is unequivocally opposed to the cloning of human beings either for reproduction or for research.† It also said that the â€Å"moral and ethical issues posed by human cloning are profound and cannot be ignored in the quest for scientific discovery.† The bill that was passed was well thought out. It â€Å"prohibits any production of or attempt to produce cloned human embryos by the transfer of nuclear material from one or more human somatic cells into an enucleated human egg. This involves removing the 23-chromosome nucleus from a woman’s egg and replacing it with the full 46-chromosome nucleus of a person’s regular somatic, or body, cell. The resulting embryo is a...

Definitions of Whats Ungrammatical in English

Definitions of What's 'Ungrammatical' in English In descriptive grammar, the term ungrammatical refers to an irregular word group or sentence structure that makes little apparent sense because it disregards the syntactic conventions of the language. Contrast with grammaticality. In language studies (and on this website), examples of ungrammatical constructions are usually preceded by asterisks (*). Judgments regarding ungrammatical constructions are often subject to gradience. In prescriptive grammar, ungrammatical may refer to a word group or sentence structure that fails to conform to the proper way of speaking or writing, according to the standards set by some authority. Also called grammatical error. Contrast with correctness. Examples and Observations Designating a sentence as ungrammatical simply means that native speakers tend to avoid the sentence, cringe when they hear it, and judge it as sounding odd. . . .Calling a sentence ungrammatical means that it sounds odd all things being equalthat is, in a neutral context, under its conventional meaning, and with no special circumstances in force.(Steven Pinker, The Stuff of Thought: Language as a Window Into Human Nature. Viking, 2007)Sentences . . . are simply the highest-level expressions of a language, and an ungrammatical string is a morpheme sequence which fails to constitute a meaningful expression of any kind.(Michael B. Kac, Grammars and Grammaticality. John Benjamins, 1992) Examples of Grammatical and Ungrammatical Sentences With Reflexive Pronouns Grammatical Ungrammatical(Terri L. Wells, L2 Acquisition of English Binding Domains. Morphology and Its Interfaces in Second Language Knowledge, ed. by Maria-Luise Beck. John Benjamins, 1998) The smart student thinks that the teacher likes himself.The very happy mother said that the girl dresses herself.The young child said that the pretty woman hurt herself.The man in the blue jacket said that the dog bit himself.The crying father said that the younger boy cut himself.The woman thinks that the student does not like herself.The doctor said that the old man shot himself in the foot.The lawyers think that the four policemen shot themselves.*The man thinks the boy does not like that stupid himself.*The woman said that the little girl saw yesterdays herself.*The taxi driver said that the man hit that careless himself.*The girl said that the teacher laughed at that funny herself.*The soldiers know that the generals like todays themselves.*The student said that the athlete hurt that stupid himself.*The mother wrote that the child laughed at that slow herself.*The man said that the boy was angry with the lazy himself. Distinguishing Between Descriptive and Prescriptive Grammar The sentence below is a garden-variety English sentence, which is descriptively grammatical to any English speaker . . .. I eat bacon and eggs with ketchup. We can form a question based on this sentence as follows: What do you eat bacon and eggs with? This sentence is descriptively grammatical but violates a prescriptive rule; recall that for some, ending a sentence with a preposition (in this case, with) is prescriptively ungrammatical. But now consider this sentence: I eat bacon and eggs and ketchup. When we try to form a question we get the following: *What do you eat bacon and eggs and? No English speaker would utter this sentence (hence the *), but why not? The source sentences look exactly the same; the only difference is that ketchup follows with in the first sentence, and and in the second. It turns out that with, a preposition, functions quite differently from and, a conjunction, and the distinction between the two is part of our unconscious knowledge of English. Studying this unconscious knowledge, revealed in puzzles like this one, allows us to construct a model, or theory of descriptive grammar, a model that attempts to explain why we quite naturally produce grammatical sentences such as What did you eat your bacon and eggs with? but not ungrammatical ones like What did you eat your bacon and eggs and? (Anne Lobeck and Kristin Denham, Navigating English Grammar: A Guide to Analyzing Real Language. Blackwell, 2014)

Do we have any responsibility to a broader humanity Only to ourselves, Research Paper

Do we have any responsibility to a broader humanity Only to ourselves, family, community, or state - Research Paper Example It is in the context of this global village of a world that this paper examines the scope of responsibility of the individual. In the world of today, is our responsibility only towards ourselves, our families, our community or our state; or should our responsibilities, in whatever aspect of life it may be, be towards broader humanity? Responsibilities are related to various aspects and context of life. Responsibilities can be broadly classified into personal responsibilities, social and political responsibilities and responsibilities related to work or occupation. Personal responsibilities are those which an individual have to carry out for the self or for the immediate family or relatives. A person is responsible for his own good conduct, for the well being of her or his family –children, family partner, siblings, and relatives. It is not that personal responsibilities affect only the self, family or relatives of the person. By carrying out such responsibilities the person contributes towards the community and the state also, albeit indirectly. The orientation of the person entrusted with the responsibility is however limited and do not encompass the broader perspective. Social and political responsibilities are responsibilities that have wider ramifications. These responsibilities are beyond the self or the family and are more directly related to the community, society and the state. Each community or society has its own codes of responsibility which an individual is expected to adhere to. In doing so, the person contributes towards the perpetual sustenance of the community or the society. Similarly, each state has its own constitution, its codes of laws and rules. The constitution of any nation state provides the guidelines to the social and political rights and responsibilities of a person. It is in the case of social and political responsibilities that the perspective of the individual has undergone radical changes in the last decade

Organization's Market Orientation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organization's Market Orientation - Assignment Example Market orientation and organizational performance are linked and a critical evaluation is provided for firms which are not market oriented such as M&S yet perform well and recommendations are provided for firms which don't perform well. The importance and characteristics of market orientation are studied along with the barriers to market orientation, how to overcome these barriers, the importance of change management and policies in human resource management, the attributes of internal marketing, quality systems and customer relationship management. The theories and applications of market orientation are also studied using examples of the large companies such as Virgin and M&S. Adoption of market orientation could motivate companies to provide better service provisions and quality and Green et al (2007) argued that within an organization, customer care is primarily important and marketing orientation helps in understanding the needs of customers. By satisfactorily identifying customer needs, organizations could provide quality services that would highlight the positive links between market orientation and service quality. In another related study, Racela et al (2007) show the market orientation in international business relationships with emphasis on cooperation, dependence and relationship distance between organizations or individuals. A survey of Thai exporting firms was done considering business units and Thai export firms. The results obtained from more than 200 firms show that export market orientation of companies enhances cooperation between exporters and distributors and export performance is higher with greater export cooperation and lower relationship distance. The influence of exporter dependence on export performance tends to vary among industry groups. Market orientation is thus essential to the development of business to business relationships that enhances export performance and shows how exporters could manage their relationships to achieve better performance. Marketing orientation is thus helpful in developing cooperative efforts and Racela et al (2007) recommended that overseas dist ributors develop cooperative norms for marketing decisions and actions and also establish some form of mutual dependence for superior performance enhancement. The relationships between market orientation, export performance and behavioral aspects of business relationships are investigated and the paper suggests that market orientation practices help in enhancing cross cultural relationships.A multilayered model of market oriented organizational culture tends to distinguish between market oriented values and norms. The different aspects of market oriented culture within organizations can affect attitudes and behaviors of the sales force and market orientation values can have a substantial impact on role conflict, role ambiguity, job satisfaction and organizational commitment of such employees (Farrell, 2005). However market oriented norms do not substantially affect customer orientation of salespersons. Considering these background studies, we can analyze whether a specific chosen company has adequate market orientatio

Documentary in Depth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Documentary in Depth - Essay Example This discussion borrows ideas from documentary theorists like Stella Bruzzi, Jonathan Kahana, Jane Roscoe and Craig Hight to name a few. The need to document ‘real’ events existed almost at the same time when motion picture as a medium of communication became an integral and quintessential part of human life. In its early stages, the primary intention and the subsequent benefit of recording a live action or event was the freedom it gave to have control over time, by either slowing it down, stopping it completely, or reversing it making the captured footage a substitute or an equivalent to a written document or text. This can be seen as early as 1900s when events like a prize fight or a surgery were captured on camera and stored as a valuable resource that could be used for future reference. The term ‘documentary’ has had a multitude of definitions and interpretations from various theorists at different points of time. According to Kahana ‘documentary h as been understood as a form of democratic and social pedagogy’ (2008, p.1) and he agrees with Paul Rotha’s theory that since movie making technology along with social contradictions tend to hide the truth in various circumstances, documentaries could be used to convey a deeper or hidden meaning (Kahana, 2008, p.1). Bruzzi agrees with Peter Weiss’ argument in his book â€Å"The Materials and the Models† that ‘the purpose of documentary form is to extract from the material universal truths, to supply a historical context and to draw attention to other possible consequences of the events encompassed by the play’ (2000, p.9). In other words, through his/her film a documentary film maker represents the social and political structure that exists around them, also giving an insight in to how it has evolved to its present form and what the future might hold. This can be considered a binary process, one in which the film maker derives his/her materia l from the socio political circumstances and delivers it back to society in its contextualised form. The film maker thus serves as a medium for the raw material to arrive at truths and conclusions, motives or inherent causes. In simpler terms, the film maker becomes the voice which speaks on behalf of the ‘raw material’ (i.e. the social, political and historical context). The primary drawback however, of this analysis is that it becomes futile if the film maker and the viewer have misinterpreted the original meaning of the event which means that the actual truth of the recorded event has not transpired to the mind of the film maker and in turn the viewer (Bruzzi, 2000, p.9). People have been generally led to believe that the camera captures only the truth. The reason why people trust documentaries is the simple fact that they claim to present the truth as it is with no element of drama or fiction. Hence it is something which anyone can relate to in terms of their own li ves and existence. Documentaries are supposed to depict the socio historical world in its purest and unpolished form. This would suggest that the images captured in a

Real EstateFinance and Investment Research summary and market report Paper

Real EstateFinance and Investment summary and market report - Research Paper Example This model is quantified using plausible assumptions about rational appraisal behaviour in additional to knowledge of how the appraisal-based indices are constructed. This model can be inverted and applied to reported index returns to recover implied market returns. This alternative Geltner (1993) suggests is useful because the unsecuritized property markets may not be able to produce information on a timely basis and may have returns that can be predicted based on the information gathered from a review of previous research in the area. In accounting for the nature of the appraised-based indices Geltner (1993) indicates that RNI and EAI share a few similarities. However, there are also some differences in their base year; how they carry out their valuation; and the type and geographic location of the properties they value. Geltner (1993) then looks at appraisal smoothing at the disaggregate level. In order to obtain an optimal appraise current market values Geltner (1993) uses what h e describes as a simple Bayesian rule to estimate the property value at each point in time and outlines a â€Å"rational appraisal† model that can be used for that purpose. The model indicates the relationship between property-appraised values and market value. Geltner (1993) also presents a model to define the relationship between the reported index annual return to the underlying market annual return. This Geltner (1993) points out allows for the observation of index returns caused by the three behavioral events previously mentioned. In recovering the underlying market returns from the reported index returns that the closeness of the model the models used in observing behavioral phenomenon was taken as an indication of whether unsecuritized market returns are predictable. Geltner’s (1993) findings are not statistically significant to draw any conclusions. However, the overall impression from the graphs and other statistical data indicates that it may be possible to p redict unsecuritized market returns. Summary Article: Strategies of Focus Opportunity: Trends in Public-Market Commercial Real Estate Penetration from 1998 to 2003 Hess and Liang in their article entitled: â€Å"Strategies of Focus and Opportunity†, which was published in the Pramerica Real Estate Investors Research Report dated August 2004 indicated that during 2003 public real estate investment companies reduced their holdings in apartments and hotel properties in order to benefit from an increase in the demand for those properties. In the mean time they took advantage of the falling values of retail properties while maintaining their holdings in warehouses. This enabled them to strategically position themselves to gain from future increases in the market values for retail properties. Their strategies involved looking at the market for short term gains by buying when prices are at their lowest and selling when prices are approaching their highest point, at a time when inves tors were able to access loans to purchase such properties. These public real estate investment companies, consists of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and Real Estate Operating Companies (REOCs) which must be publicly held and traded on one of the major stock exchanges in the US and Canada. Hess and Liang (2004) points out that in 2002 REITs took advantage of

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Strategic Management - Essay Example In this paper, the analysis of strategic management will revolve around a small family business dealing with laundry appliances repair with only two employees precisely a father working as the technician and his son handling matters to do with administration. Strategic management comes along with many benefits to a business. Thomas and David Hunger maintain that firms that incorporate strategic management into their daily activities always â€Å"outperform† those firms that do not. When a firm enlarges, it becomes hard for it to afford following intuitive strategies. This is because, upon enlargement, a firm’s environment or its layers of management changes substantially (Wheelen & Hunger, 2011). However, as working environment continues to be more complex due to ever changing systems of management in the world, today, firms are applying strategic management as a form of cooperating and making the environment more manageable. Strategic management is beneficial to a firm mainly because it facilitates collection of information and formulation of policies. The laundry firm can use strategic management policies to gather information from external and internal environment which in turn corporate formulation of variables in the firm. With globalization comes broad market. In this case, globalization enables a firm identify general forces that include societal and natural environments that make it easier to identify different clusters of competitors and customers making it easier to combine a sustainable environment. It is necessary for a firm to have the suitable information in order to find ways in which it can fulfill its goals via its corporate mission (Wheelen & Hunger, 2011). Globalization makes it possible for a firm to have structural, resourceful, and cultural information, which is important for a firm to enhance its corporate strategy. In addition, strategic management enables a firm to implement the set policies and formulate the gathered info rmation, which facilitates assessment of its capabilities. This in turn draws measures that enable the firm to satisfy its clientele by improving its distribution of products and services via an organized system. The impacts of environmental sustainability to a business are many. For the laundry firm to achieve the best in its line of business, it must set in place models that play an important role towards creation a sustainable environment. This shows that businesses should have models that contribute to a healthy and safe environment. According to environmental experts, a safe environment provides a platform for economic growth and business sustainable development. In order to get benefits that come along with sustained environment, a firm must address environmental issues such as pollution. As such, this laundry firm should seek to address environmental problems in order to enjoy innovative solutions brought by new market opportunities (Wheelen & Hunger, 2011). In addressing com ponents involved in the environmental scanning and industry analysis process, analysts revolve around environmental assessment, forecasting, and monitoring. In this case, environmental scanning deals with macro environment, which consists of competitors, industries, clients, markets, and companies. Environmental scanning thus interprets technological and economic events as well as political trends that are influential to a

Real EstateFinance and Investment Research summary and market report Paper

Real EstateFinance and Investment summary and market report - Research Paper Example This model is quantified using plausible assumptions about rational appraisal behaviour in additional to knowledge of how the appraisal-based indices are constructed. This model can be inverted and applied to reported index returns to recover implied market returns. This alternative Geltner (1993) suggests is useful because the unsecuritized property markets may not be able to produce information on a timely basis and may have returns that can be predicted based on the information gathered from a review of previous research in the area. In accounting for the nature of the appraised-based indices Geltner (1993) indicates that RNI and EAI share a few similarities. However, there are also some differences in their base year; how they carry out their valuation; and the type and geographic location of the properties they value. Geltner (1993) then looks at appraisal smoothing at the disaggregate level. In order to obtain an optimal appraise current market values Geltner (1993) uses what h e describes as a simple Bayesian rule to estimate the property value at each point in time and outlines a â€Å"rational appraisal† model that can be used for that purpose. The model indicates the relationship between property-appraised values and market value. Geltner (1993) also presents a model to define the relationship between the reported index annual return to the underlying market annual return. This Geltner (1993) points out allows for the observation of index returns caused by the three behavioral events previously mentioned. In recovering the underlying market returns from the reported index returns that the closeness of the model the models used in observing behavioral phenomenon was taken as an indication of whether unsecuritized market returns are predictable. Geltner’s (1993) findings are not statistically significant to draw any conclusions. However, the overall impression from the graphs and other statistical data indicates that it may be possible to p redict unsecuritized market returns. Summary Article: Strategies of Focus Opportunity: Trends in Public-Market Commercial Real Estate Penetration from 1998 to 2003 Hess and Liang in their article entitled: â€Å"Strategies of Focus and Opportunity†, which was published in the Pramerica Real Estate Investors Research Report dated August 2004 indicated that during 2003 public real estate investment companies reduced their holdings in apartments and hotel properties in order to benefit from an increase in the demand for those properties. In the mean time they took advantage of the falling values of retail properties while maintaining their holdings in warehouses. This enabled them to strategically position themselves to gain from future increases in the market values for retail properties. Their strategies involved looking at the market for short term gains by buying when prices are at their lowest and selling when prices are approaching their highest point, at a time when inves tors were able to access loans to purchase such properties. These public real estate investment companies, consists of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and Real Estate Operating Companies (REOCs) which must be publicly held and traded on one of the major stock exchanges in the US and Canada. Hess and Liang (2004) points out that in 2002 REITs took advantage of

Construction and culture- Old Trafford Stadium (Manchester United Research Paper

Construction and culture- Old Trafford Stadium (Manchester United Stadium) - Research Paper Example Old Trafford was the premiere stadium to have a ring of seats and stands that completely surrounded the pitch. Opened in 1910, Old Trafford was originally intended to hold eighty thousand spectators, making it the second-largest sports ground in the country following Wembley Stadium. The clubs rich history from its founding in 1878 to date is all preserved in the Manchester United Museum whilst the Hall of Fame reveres numerous soccer athletes who have assisted the team, Manchester United, rule the English football league throughout the years. The Trophy Room displays sufficient silver and brass that can try to outshine the Crown Jewels. Introduction The Industrial Revolution began in the late 18th century in England. It has been extensively well-known that from the conclusion of the 18th century, essential economic and social transformation occurred in England and afterward, in other places, including a remarkable increase in countrywide population sizes, brought about by a more rap id growth of existing towns and cities, changing birth and mortality rates, predominantly in capital cities as well as the manifestation of new social classes associated to people’s place as workers within the industry or as the owners of industries in the manufacturing process. In addition to the aforementioned reasons for the economic and social developments, progress in transportation and networks of communication also propelled the movement. The Industrial Revolution, as noted by historians, was marked by important changes in society. These changes incorporated advancements in agriculture, such as the implementation of new systems of farming and the creation of new equipment which permitted for an amplified availability of food as well as the expansion of new machinery in industrial manufacture from increases in information that were more often than not the product of informed empiricism and practical experiences. This revolution and its civilization at the time, saw to t he spread of the football culture in Britain and consequently to the construction of soccer stadiums. Old Trafford In its early days the Manchester United (Newton Heath) club used to play on different pitches before moving to North Road Monsall in the year 1880 (Manutd.com- The Official Website, 2011). This pitch was among the worst pitches in the entire league. It was always covered with the smoke from the nearby industry. It is also to mention that poor condition of the pitch was due to the uneven cover of gravel to marsh. The pitch was originally opened in 1909, after the club shifted its base from their old ground at Bank Lane, Clayton. An interesting observation is that the pitch only had one covered stand, with standing room only, for several years but it offered untold luxuries - tea-rooms, tip-up seats and attendants to politely point the way. Following serious financial debt and expenses, Sir John Henry Davies rescued the team from grave bankruptcy and renaming by giving aw ay a grand total of sixty thousand pounds in 1909 for the purchase and development of a site at Trafford Park. The novel ground next to the Bridgewater Canal, which was near the Northern end of the Warwick Road in Old Trafford, was complete and ready

Television shows Essay Example for Free

Television shows Essay For the present society, television shows are almost considered as a part of the lifestyle and culture of the modern people. Almost every individual in the society have their own favorite television program which they patronize which varies basically due to the factor of preference, time availability, morality and others. Each television program in the modern broadcast industry as their own theme and cultural nature that the show creatively explores to entice the interest and enthusiasm of the public. For the broadcast networks, having a rated television program which the general public patronize is a good investment as this can promote their main line of revenue namely paid advertisement. By critically analyzing the television program in the present broadcast industry, one can actually see that majority of these programs tackle current social issues and trends however, these are presented in a different view. Usually, television programs offer a symbolical perspective on the subject making it more interesting and captivating to the audience as its offers a somewhat imaginative scenario where the public can relate with. A good example of this program nature is the primetime hit television show entitled â€Å"Lost†. The television program entitled â€Å"Lost† was actually written and designed to produce an imaginative scenario of surviving a plane crash and being stranded on a mysterious island that has an unknown location. While in isolation, the survivors must struggle against the environment for their survival, against themselves for personal development and against the mysterious inhabitants as their search for a way to communicate with the world. By critical observation, one can learn that the main objective of the show is to show a different view towards dominant social issues such as unity, cooperation, system of leadership and others through the eyes of the small community of the survivors. In this show, the large global community with cultural diversity and other issues has been minimized through the contingent of the survivors as they establish a mutual relationship between each of them and their temporary home. In this show, there are several examples of reality warp or presentation of mystery. For example, the presence of a polar bear in a tropical island, uncharted location of the island, and the presence of laboratory hatches in an isolated place produce certain mysterious characteristic to the program. As the story develops, other mysteries are also explored such as the reason for the plane crash and the nature of the island and its native inhabitants. Much of the story is presented through the use of symbols. General concepts and ideas in the show are mainly represented through certain materials and items that are explicitly used in the program’s story. Foe example, the item of guns and other armaments represent power in the issues of struggle between the plane crash survivors and the inhabitants of the mysterious island. Another is the item of wireless intercom or â€Å"walkie talkie† presents the idea of difference between the two struggling factions making the inhabitants more sophisticated and better organized than the survivors as they have a mean for communication. All throughout the program’s story, each episode is centralized on a certain character wherein several flashbacks in his or her life will be presented to explain his or her present ideology or philosophy while in the island. Through this approach, viewers will better understand the story characters and their personal reason as to why he or she did his or her decision. Regarding the program advertisements, by analyzing the selection of products and/or services that are commercialize during the program’s timeslot, once can actually argue that the show is intended for general viewing mainly on the adult bracket making them the main marketing target for this program’s advertisement. Some specific commercials are cars, dress or fashion accessories, children’s apparel, technological gadgets and household products which are generally products for economically-capable adults. In general, the television program entitled â€Å"Lost† is a show that offers an alternative scenario in a creatively enhanced reality. Surviving plane crash and being stranded on a mysterious island is indeed a captivating storyline for the adult society who are basically looking for some thrills and adventures in the routinary life. Through this program, viewers are offered an interesting experience to witness how to survive in an island, establish harmonious and cooperative relationship in a group and struggle against forces that are more advance and familiar with the environment while struggling to be rescued and competing against oneself for personal development.